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Stevia rebaudiana (甜叶菊)

Benefits of stevia
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Stevia rebaudiana (甜叶菊)

甜叶菊(Bertoni)是菊科的一种小型多年生灌木,原产于巴拉圭、巴西和阿根廷。数百年来,其叶子一直被用于医药,也作为饮料的甜味剂,如绿茶maté。植物学家莫伊斯·圣地亚哥·贝托尼于1887年发现这种植物。随后由两位法国化学家于1931年鉴定出甜菊叶的甜味其实来自于它的甜菊糖苷,而甜菊叶的甜味比蔗糖高250至300倍 1。甜叶菊至今已被商业化种植在阿根廷、巴西、哥伦比亚、巴拉圭、中国、日本、马来西亚、韩国、越南、以色列、澳大利亚、肯尼亚和美国 2

营养价值

不管是新鲜或者是晒干的甜叶菊,都富含这些重要元素,如钙、钾、镁、铁、铜、锰、锌和钠。此外,它还富含了蛋白质、纤维、维生素、酚酸和抗氧化剂 5。甜菊属植物也拥有11种主要的甜菊糖苷,当中含量最高的是甜菊糖苷A和甜菊苷 1

健康益处

1. 血糖管理

代谢过程中,甜叶菊并不会沉积或累积在人体内。甜叶菊在进入人体后,不会被消化或吸收,而是直接进入结肠。因此,甜菊糖的热量为零,也不影响血糖或胰岛素的水平 1

2. 牙齿健康

甜叶菊经常被加入到牙膏中,因为它可降低口腔中有害细菌的增殖。这能降低患上牙菌斑的几率达 60%,从而有助于预防龋齿 5

3. 体重管理

甜叶菊具有抑制食欲的作用,有助于降低每日卡路里摄入量。它作为一种“无热量甜味剂”,不仅能满足甜食的需求,还不会产生过多热量 6

4. 血压管理

甜叶菊中的某些糖苷可扩张血管,增加钠排泄和尿量,从而有助于降低血压 3。甜叶菊可能具有强心剂作用,能帮助调节血压和心率 4

5. 抗肿瘤

甜叶菊含有一种抗氧化剂如山奈酚,可降低患上胰腺癌的风险达 23% 7

参考

1. Ashwell, M. (2015). Stevia, Nature’s Zero-Calorie Sustainable Sweetener. Nutrition Today, 50(3), 129-134. https://doi.org/10.1097/nt.0000000000000094

2. Samuel, P., Ayoob, K. T., Magnuson, B. A., Wolwer-Rieck, U., Jeppesen, P. B., Rogers, P. J., Rowland, I. & Matthews, R. (2018). Stevia leaf to stevia sweetener: Exploring its science, benefits and future potential. The Journal of Nutrition, 148 (7): 1186-1205. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy102

3. Herbst, M. (2021). Fact Sheet on the Sugar Substitute Stevia. Retrieved 21 October 2021, from https://cansa.org.za/files/2021/05/Fact-Sheet-on-the-Sugar-Substitute-Stevia-May-2021.pdf

4. Chughtai, M. F. J., Pasha, I., Zahoor, T., Khaliq, A., Ahsan, S., Wu, Z., Nadeem, M., Mehmood, T., Amir, R. M., Yasmin, I., Liaqat, A. & Tanweer, S. (2020). Nutritional and therapeutic perspectives of Stevia rebaudiana as emerging sweetener; a way forward for sweetener industry. Journal of Food, 18 (1): 164-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2020.1721562

5. Gandhi, S., Gat, Y., Arya, S., Kumar, V., Panghal, A. & Kumar, A. (2018). Natural sweeteners: health benefits of stevia. Foods and Raw Materials, 6 (2): 392-402. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2018-2-392-402

6. Elnaga, N. I. E. A., Massoud, M. I., Yousef, M. I. & Mohamed, H. H. A. (2016). Effect of stevia sweetener consumption as non-caloric sweetening on body weight gain andbiochemical’s parameters in overweight female rats. Annals of Agriculture Science, 61 (1): 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2015.11.008

7. Lee, J., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Kaempferol Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth and Migration through the Blockade of EGFR-Related Pathway In Vitro. PloS one, 11(5), e0155264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155264

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