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Crataegus monogyna (山楂)

Benefits of Hawthorn berry
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Crataegus monogyna (山楂)

山楂 学名为 Crataegus Monagyna,属于蔷薇科。山楂浆果是一种暗红色的小果实,生长在扭曲且有刺的灌木上 1Crataegus Monagyna 是欧洲主要的山楂树种之一。 Crataegus Monogyna 的各个部分包括浆果,花朵和叶子在民间医学用于治疗高血压,高胆固醇,心力衰竭,消化问题,压力和睡眠障碍 1

营养价值

山楂包含一百五十多种生物活性化合物,包括类黄酮,三萜类,低聚原花青素,槲皮素,有机酸和酚酸 1,2。花蕾中富含黄酮,但在未成熟的水果中原花青素的含量则较高 2。黄酮是主要辅助心脏功能的元素 2

健康益处

1. 心血管健康

从山楂提取的黄酮类化合物具有很高的抗氧化剂,可以帮助增强血管功能,而原花青素则有助于扩张血管,并改善心肌的血流量 2,3。它也有助于调节血压,改善轻微充血性心力衰竭和心律不齐 2,3

2. 血脂管理

山楂可以降低胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯。它通过增加胆汁来化解胆固醇及减少胆固醇的形成 1,2,3

3. 消化系统健康

山楂具有消炎,保护胃肠和抗菌活性 2。它可以促进消化过程并缓解其他消化问题,例如便秘,胃痉挛,腹胀等其他严重状况,如溃疡和结肠癌 5

4. 抗氧化及护肤功能

山楂富含类黄酮和多酚,拥有强大的抗氧功能 1,2。这些抗氧化剂可以中和自由基,并消除体内有害的毒素。有助于保护皮肤免受UV-B紫外线辐射的伤害 1

5. 情绪调理

山楂具有轻微镇静作用,可纾缓压力及负面情绪如焦虑,抑郁等 2,6,可帮助调理心情。

参考

1. Nazhand, A., Lucarini, M., Durazzo, A., et al. (2020). Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.): an updated overview on its beneficial properties. Forests, 11(5), 564. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11050564

2. Kumar, D., Arya, V., Bhat, Z. A., et al. (2012). The genus crataegus: chemical and pharmacological perspectives. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 22(5), 1187-1200. doi: 10.1590/s0102-695×2012005000094

3. Nabavi, S., Habtemariam, S., Ahmed, T., et al. (2015). Polyphenolic composition of Crataegus monogyna jacq.: from chemistry to medical applications. Nutrients, 7(9), 7708-7728. doi: 10.3390/nu7095361

4. Wang, J., Xiong, X., & Feng, B. (2013). Effect of crataegus usage in cardiovascular disease prevention: an evidence-based approach. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1-16. doi: 10.1155/2013/149363

5. Tadić-Vanja, M., Dobrić-Silva, & Marković-Goran, M., et al. (2008). Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, free-radical-scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of hawthorn berries ethanol extract. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(17), 7700-7709. doi: 10.1021/jf801668c

6. Can, ÖD., Özkay, ÜD., Öztürk, N., & Öztürk, Y. (2010), Effects of hawthorn seed and pulp extracts on the central nervous system. Pharmaceutical Biology, 48(8), 924-931. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/13880200903305500

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